Mada za sehemu hiiTopic 4:Industrial CapitalismMada 4
The British government was the first country to abolish slave trade during the years 1822-1826.
- Rise of humanitarians in Europe such as Christians and scholars condemned it on moral grounds. The missionaries wanted it to be stopped because they wanted good conditions for the spread of Christianity. The formation of humanitarian movement in England aimed at stopping all kinds of cruelty including slave trade, flogging of soldiers and child labor.
- Industrialization in Britain, e.g. Britain industrialists urged its abolition because they wanted Africans to be left in Africa so that Africa can be source of raw materials for their industries, market for European manufactured goods and place for new investment of surplus capital.
- Formation of the anti-slavery movement and the abolitionist movement in 1787, its chairman was Granville Sharp and others like Thomas Clarkson, William Wilberforce who gathered facts and stories about the brutality of slave trade and slavery to arouse public opinion in Britain.
- Religious revival in Europe, Anglican preached and condemned slave trade as opposed to laws of God and humanity. Catholic pope also protested against the trade and prohibited it. In 1774, many religious leaders served as examples when they liberated their slaves in England.
- The French revolution of 1789 and the American revolution of 1776, emphasized liberty, equality and fraternity (brotherhood) of all human beings, as a result people began to question whether anyone had a right to deprive a fellow man of his liberty when he had done wrong.
- The British desire to protect their national interests: British planters wanted slave trade stopped to avoid competition with other European planters. This is because other planters were producing cheaper sugar hence the need to stop over production.
- The rise of men with new ideas: Prof. Adam Smith challenged the economic arguments, which were the basis of slave trade when he argued convincingly that hired labor is cheaper and more productive than slave labor, Rousseau spread the idea of personal liberty and equality of all men.
- Slaves had become less profitable: Yet had led to overpopulation in Europe. Influential abolitionists like William Wilberforce (a British member of parliament) urged the British government to legislate against the slave trade in her colonies.
- In 1817 British negotiated the "the reciprocal search treaties" with Spain and Portugal.
- Equipment treaties signed with Spain 1835, Portugal 1842 and America 1862. In east Africa in 1822 Moresby treaty was signed between captain Moresby and sultan Seyyid Said it forbade the shipping of slaves outside the sultan's territories. British ships were authorized to stop and search suspected Arab slave carrying dhows.
- In 1845, Hammertoe treaty was signed between Colonel Hammertoe and sultan Seyyid Said. It forbade the shipping of slaves outside the sultan's East Africa territories i.e. beyond to the North.
- In 1871, the British set up the parliamentary commission of inquiry to investigate and report on slave trade in East Africa.
- In 1872, Sir Bartle Frere persuaded sultan Barghash to stop slave trade but not much was achieved.
- On 5th March 1873, the sultan passed a decree prohibiting the export of slaves from mainland and closed of slave market at Zanzibar. Zanzibar slave market was to be closed within 24 hours.
- In 1876, sultan decreed that no slaves were to be transported overland.
- In 1897, decree left slaves to claim their freedom themselves.
- In 1907, slavery was abolished entirely in Zanzibar and Pemba.
- In 1927, slavery ended in Tanganyika when British took over from Germany after the Second World War.
- Loss of independence, the suppression of slave trade led to loss of independence that is to say, legitimate trade, which provided equally profitable business to both European and African traders. Many ship owners diverted their ships from transporting slaves to transporting raw cotton and raw sugar from Brazil and America.
- It accelerated the coming of European missionaries to East Africa who emphasized peace and obedience thus the future European colonization of East Africa.
- Disintegration of the Sultan Empire: This is because it loosened the economic and political control, which the sultan had over the east African nations. His empire in East Africa therefore began to crumble.
- Closing of slave trade markets, for example Zanzibar in 1873 following the Frere treaty signed between sultan Barghash and Sir Bartle Frere.
- Islam became unpopular as many converted to Christianity.
- African societies regained their respect and strength as they were no longer sold off as commodities.
Mwalimu
Unasoma somo hili? Niulize nikuelezee chochote kilichomo.
Ingia ili kumuuliza Mwalimu wa AI wa Sonza kuhusu mada hii.
Ingia ili kuulizaMajadiliano
Hakuna maswali bado
Inapakia majadiliano…