Mada za sehemu hiiDemonstrate an elementary understanding of scientific theoriesMada 4
- Explain the basic principles of health (balanced diet, physical exercises, personal and environmental hygiene, safety signs and symbols)
- Describe types of common human diseases (Modes of transimission, causes, control and preventions)
- Explain the concept of matter (types and characteristics)
- Explain the concept of combustion (meaning, causes and effects)
A balanced diet means eating different types of food that give our bodies what they need.
Types of Food We Need
- Body-building foods — These help us grow and repair our bodies. Examples: meat, fish, eggs, beans, milk, groundnuts
- Energy-giving foods — These give us energy to play and work. Examples: rice, ugali, bananas, cassava, sweet potatoes
- Protective foods — These protect us from diseases. Examples: vegetables (like spinach, cabbage, carrots), fruits (like mangoes, oranges, papayas)
The Eating Plate
A simple way to remember a balanced meal:
- Half the plate should be vegetables and fruits
- A quarter should be body-building foods
- A quarter should be energy-giving foods
Example: Mary's Lunch
Mary eats ugali with beans and vegetables. The ugali gives her energy, the beans build her muscles, and the vegetables protect her from getting sick. This is a balanced diet.
Personal hygiene means keeping our bodies clean to stay healthy.
Daily Habits
- Bathing — Wash the whole body every day to remove dirt and germs
- Brushing teeth — Brush teeth at least twice a day, morning and night
- Washing hands — Wash hands with soap and water before eating, after using the toilet, and after playing
- Clean clothes — Wear clean clothes every day
- Cutting nails — Keep fingernails short and clean
- Hair care — Wash hair regularly and keep it clean
Why These Habits Matter
When we do not keep ourselves clean, germs can enter our bodies and cause diseases like diarrhea, typhoid, and skin infections.
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