Solubility of different substances in water and organic solvents

"Like dissolves like" This means polar substances dissolve in polar solvents (like water), and non-polar substances dissolve in non-polar solvents (like benzene or ether).

1. Inorganic salts (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium nitrate)
2. Acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid)
3. Bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide)
4. Sugar
5. Ethanol (even though it is an organic compound, it is polar)

Reason: These substances are polar or ionic and can interact well with water molecules.

1. Oils
2. Fats
3. Waxes
4. Iodine
5. Sulfur
6. Naphthalene
7. Chloroform
8. Grease

Reason: These substances are non-polar, and they dissolve well in non-polar organic solvents.

1. Petrol
2. Vegetable oils
3. Butter
4. Paraffin
5. Turpentine

1. Sand
2. Glass
3. Plastic
4. Metals (e.g., copper, iron)

1. Temperature: Solubility typically increases as temperature rises. However, for gases, the solubility decreases as temperature increases.
2. Pressure: Pressure does not affect the solubility of solids, but it does increase the solubility of gases. The higher the pressure, the more gas can dissolve in a liquid.
3. Size of Particles: Smaller particles are generally more soluble than larger particles. For example, finely crushed salt dissolves more easily than salt with large crystals.
4. Nature of Solvents: Different solvents dissolve different substances to varying degrees. For instance, salt dissolves easily in water but not in kerosene.