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Mada za sehemu hiiSafety In Our EnvironmentMada 10

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections primarily passed through unprotected sexual contact. When left untreated, some STIs may progress into Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), which involve visible signs of illness or damage to body systems. However, not all STIs become STDs.

Infection/Disease Cause & Transmission Symptoms Effects Prevention/Control Gonorrhoea Bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Unprotected sex - Sharing personal items - Mother to baby during birth Yellow discharge Burning during urination Genital itching Irregular menstruation Infertility Joint swelling Reproductive complications Abstain from sex Avoid sharing items Seek medical help Syphilis Bacteria: Treponema pallidum - Unprotected sex - Blood transfusion - Mother to foetus Stage 1: Painless sore Stage 2: Fever, rashes, swollen lymph nodes Stage 3: Organ damage, blindness Birth defects Mental instability Death in advanced stage Safe sex Screen blood Treat pregnant women Trichomoniasis Protozoan: Trichomonas vaginalis - Sexual contact - Sharing items Smelly discharge Vaginal itching Painful urination (Men often show no symptoms) Premature birth Low birth weight Reproductive problems Avoid sharing items Medical treatment for both partners Candidiasis Fungus: Candida sp. - Unprotected sex - Poor hygiene - Sharing personal items White discharge Vaginal/mouth itching Skin rashes Bloodstream infection Penis inflammation Maintain hygiene Medical care Avoid item sharing Genital Herpes Virus: Herpes simplex - Sexual contact Blisters on genitals Recurrent fever Headache Painful ulcers Stillbirth Blindness Abstain from sex Medical care for both partners Hepatitis B Virus: Hepatitis B virus - Unprotected sex - Blood transfusion - Shared needles/blades Yellowish eyes/skin Dark urine Nausea Abdominal pain Fatigue Liver failure Liver cancer Death Vaccination Screen blood Do not share sharp tools Chlamydia Bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis - Unprotected sex - Mother to baby during birth Abnormal bleeding Pain during urination Pus discharge Lower abdominal pain Infertility Reproductive damage Some cases asymptomatic Safe sex Routine medical checks Treat both partners

Infection/Disease	Cause & Transmission	Symptoms	Effects	Prevention/Control
Gonorrhoea	Bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Unprotected sex - Sharing personal items - Mother to baby during birth	Yellow discharge Burning during urination Genital itching Irregular menstruation	Infertility Joint swelling Reproductive complications	Abstain from sex Avoid sharing items Seek medical help
Syphilis	Bacteria: Treponema pallidum - Unprotected sex - Blood transfusion - Mother to foetus	Stage 1: Painless sore Stage 2: Fever, rashes, swollen lymph nodes Stage 3: Organ damage, blindness	Birth defects Mental instability Death in advanced stage	Safe sex Screen blood Treat pregnant women
Trichomoniasis	Protozoan: Trichomonas vaginalis - Sexual contact - Sharing items	Smelly discharge Vaginal itching Painful urination (Men often show no symptoms)	Premature birth Low birth weight Reproductive problems	Avoid sharing items Medical treatment for both partners
Candidiasis	Fungus: Candida sp. - Unprotected sex - Poor hygiene - Sharing personal items	White discharge Vaginal/mouth itching Skin rashes	Bloodstream infection Penis inflammation	Maintain hygiene Medical care Avoid item sharing
Genital Herpes	Virus: Herpes simplex - Sexual contact	Blisters on genitals Recurrent fever Headache Painful ulcers	Stillbirth Blindness	Abstain from sex Medical care for both partners
Hepatitis B	Virus: Hepatitis B virus - Unprotected sex - Blood transfusion - Shared needles/blades	Yellowish eyes/skin Dark urine Nausea Abdominal pain Fatigue	Liver failure Liver cancer Death	Vaccination Screen blood Do not share sharp tools
Chlamydia	Bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis - Unprotected sex - Mother to baby during birth	Abnormal bleeding Pain during urination Pus discharge Lower abdominal pain	Infertility Reproductive damage Some cases asymptomatic	Safe sex Routine medical checks Treat both partners

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Sexually transmitted infections and diseases

Modes of transmission

Symptoms of STIs/STDs

Summary table of common STIs and STDs